The common excavator is driven by internal combustion engine excavator and electric excavator. Among them, electric excavators are mainly used in the plateau anoxia and underground mines and some other flammable and explosive places.
According to the size of the different, excavator can be divided into large excavator, medium excavator and small excavator
According to the different ways of walking, excavators can be divided into crawler excavators and wheel excavators.
According to the different transmission modes, the excavator can be divided into hydraulic excavator and mechanical excavator. Mechanical excavators are mainly used in some large mines.
According to the purpose, the excavator can be divided into general excavator, mining excavator, Marine excavator, special excavator and other different categories
According to the bucket, the excavator can be divided into shovel excavator, backhoe excavator, pull shovel excavator and grab shovel excavator. The shovel excavator is mostly used to excavate the material above the surface, and the backhoe excavator is mostly used to excavate the material below the surface.
1. Backhoe excavator backhoe type is the common one we have seen, backward and downward, forced soil cutting. It can be used for excavation below the shutdown operation surface. The basic operation methods are: trench end excavation, trench side excavation, straight line excavation, curve excavation, maintaining a certain Angle excavation, super deep trench excavation and trench slope excavation.
2. Excavator is being shoveled
The form of shovel action of a shovel excavator. Its characteristic is "advance upward, forced to cut the soil". The forward shovel has a large excavation force and can excavate the soil above the stop surface. It is suitable for excavating the dry foundation pit with a height greater than 2m, but the up and down ramps must be set. The bucket of the shovel is larger than the bucket of the backhoe excavator of the same equivalent, and the water content of the excavation is not more than 27%
To three kinds of soil, and with the cooperation of the dump truck to complete the whole excavation transport operation, can also dig large dry foundation pit and mound, etc. According to the different relative position of the excavation route and the transport vehicle, there are two ways of excavating soil and unloading soil: forward excavation, lateral unloading; Digging forward and unloading reverse.
3. Pull shovel excavator
A pull shovel excavator is also called a line shovel excavator. The characteristics of its excavation is: "backward downward, self-weight cut soil". It is suitable for excavating class ⅰ and ⅱ soil below the stop surface. When working, the use of inertia force to throw out the bucket, dig far, digging radius and depth of soil is larger, but not as flexible and accurate as the backhoe. Especially suitable for excavation of large and deep foundation pit or underwater excavation.
4. Grab shovel excavator
Grab shovel excavators are also called grab shovel excavators. The characteristics of its excavation is: "straight up straight down, weight cut soil". It is suitable for excavating class ⅰ and ⅱ soil below the stop surface. It is often used for excavation of foundation pit and caisson in soft soil areas. It is especially suitable for digging deep and narrow foundation pit, dredging old channels and digging silt in water, etc., or used for loading gravel, slag and other loose materials. There are two excavation methods: trench side excavation and location excavation. If the grab is made into a grid strip, it can also be used for the storage yard to load ore blocks, wood chips, wood and so on.
Full hydraulic full slewing excavator
Today's excavators account for the vast majority of the full hydraulic full rotary excavator. Hydraulic excavator is mainly composed of engine, hydraulic system, working device, walking device and electrical control parts. The hydraulic system consists of hydraulic pump, control valve, hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic motor, pipeline, oil tank and so on. Electrical control system includes monitoring panel, engine control system, pump control system, all kinds of sensors, solenoid valves, etc.
Hydraulic excavator is generally composed of three parts: working device, upper body and lower body. According to its structure and use can be distinguished into: crawler type, wheel type, walking type, full hydraulic, semi-hydraulic, full rotary, non full rotary, general, special, articulated, telescopic arm type and other types.
The working device is a device that directly completes the excavation task. It is hinged by the boom, bucket rod, bucket and other three parts. In order to meet the needs of different construction operations, hydraulic excavators can be equipped with a variety of working devices, such as digging, lifting, loading, leveling, clamping, earth pushing, impact hammer, rotary drilling and other operating machines.
The rotary and walking device is the body of the hydraulic excavator. The upper part of the turntable is equipped with a power device and a transmission system. The engine is the power source of the hydraulic excavator. Most of the diesel oil is used in convenient places, and the motor can also be used.
The hydraulic transmission system passes the power of the engine to the hydraulic motor, hydraulic cylinder and other executive components through the hydraulic pump to promote the action of the working device, so as to complete various operations.
