1.paddy field operation is special, the difficulty of mechanical operation should be relatively large, the development of its mechanization technology should be far less than wheat and other dryland crops is it?
This is the case. In recent years, our country has increased efforts to tackle key problems, rice planting and harvesting mechanization this technology has been gradually in line with the international standards, reached the practical stage.
2. What are the contents of rice planting and harvesting mechanization technology, how to choose the machinery and tools, the technical points and problems to be paid attention to, and what are the effects of saving costs and increasing income and efficiency?
The mechanized technology of rice planting and harvesting can significantly reduce the cost of rice production. According to the practice in some regions, the cost of mechanized planting and harvesting can be reduced by about one third compared with the conventional method. Cross-district operation has become one of the effective ways for farmers to increase their income. There have been many cases in Jiangsu Province where the annual net income of machine buyers has exceeded 10,000 yuan. Lv Xingren, a large farmer in the cross-district operation of agricultural machinery in Zhangjiagang City, Jiangsu Province, earned a net income of more than 90,000 yuan per machine after three years of cross-district rice harvesting.
3, rice planting mechanization technology contains what content.
Mechanization of rice planting includes two cultivation methods of rice planting and direct seeding. Mechanization of rice planting is divided into two technologies of transplanting and throwing seedlings. Mechanization of direct seeding of rice is divided into two technologies of direct seeding of dry land and direct seeding of water.
The mechanized technology of rice seedling throwing is based on manual seedling throwing. The plastic bowl floppy disk is used to raise the seedlings. After the seedlings are grown, the bowl seedlings with soil are raised from the rice plate and put into the cone plate. The bowl seedlings are thrown into the paddy field by centrifugal force. The simple backhanging seedling throwing machine throws the pot seedlings into the field by means of the blow pipe of the motorized mist dispenser. The current development of ordered machine set the pot seedling from some point fall into tanaka, can play the advantages of paddy production ventilation pervious to light, it USES YangPan, unlike conventional honeycomb plate used in the adoption of rectangular arrangement YangPan, put into seedlings YangPan directly input machine, dispense with from the pot body floppy disk seedling, throw density can be adjusted.
The mechanized direct seeding of rice is directly sowed into the field without the process of seedling raising, which has obvious advantages of saving labor and cost. According to the calculation of Jiangsu Province, it will save more than 5 working days and the cost will be about 40 yuan. The mechanized direct seeding of rice includes two aspects of direct seeding of water and direct seeding of drought. Mechanical water direct-seeding is to use water direct-seeding machine or sprinkler to directly sow the seeds after soaking and sprout until the breast is broken and white when the soil is wet or thin water after rotary tillage to smooth the stubble. After sowing, the drainage and irrigation system should be well managed, and the field surface should be kept wet before the seedlings are set up, and timely chemical weeding should be carried out to preserve the seedlings. Mechanical dry direct-seeding refers to dry direct-seeding with dry direct-seeding machine, or dry direct-seeding with artificial seeding and seed capping machine covering the wheat field or rapeseed field with flat field or trench system. After sowing, irrigation shallow water, drainage chemical weeding, and keep the field moist, seedling preservation. With drought direct seeding technology supporting machinery, the north for the grain drill machine.
4. What are the specific operational specifications and matters needing attention of rice planting mechanization technology?
(1)Mechanized transplanting technology: because the transplanter is to use the principle of cutting the soil to complete the action of dividing the seedlings, the number of seeds on each soil block is equivalent, and more than 90% to become seedlings, so the germination rate of seeds and seeding uniformity, bed soil has strict requirements.
(2) rice machine throwing seedling: the rice throwing machine uses centrifugal force to throw the bowl seedling into the air to fall to the field, the field is flat, the surface layer of pulp. The seedling raising technology of floppy disk in bowl is similar to that of artificial seedling throwing. The seedling throwing machine has strict requirements on the dry humidity of the pot soil of the pot seedlings, the moisture content of the pot soil is about 35%, and the pot seedlings do not stick to each other, so as to improve the evenness of throwing. Orderly seedling throwing machine has higher requirements on seedling raising technology of pot seedlings. There must be seedlings on each pot on the floppy disk of the pot, otherwise seedlings will be missing when throwing. The treatment of seed and bed soil is similar to that of machine transplanting. The operating quality indexes of the seedling throwing machine are as follows: throwing width ≥6 meters, throwing height ≥1.5 meters, throwing distance ≥4 meters, soil depth 5-20 mm, density 20-45 holes/square meter, density variation coefficient ≤25%, and seedling pouring rate ≤20%.
(3)Direct seeding of rice by machine: Direct seeding of water by mechanization. Land preparation requirements, leveling after heavy, seed selection, seed soaking, germination to the white, drill machine per meter fall 40 ~ 50 seeds, per mu sowing 3.5 ~ 4.5 kg/mu. After sowing, clear the ditch system in the field, remove the field water and keep the field surface moist. After sowing, it is removed for the first time 3 ~ 4 days after sowing. After the second time, it is removed for 4 ~ 5 leaves in the second time, and the work of transplanting and making up for the deficiency is done. Mechanized dry direct seeding: after mechanical harvest, the straw is chopped or removed from the field, and the wheat stubble furrow system is retained for mechanical dry direct seeding. Selection of good seed: high germination rate and germination potential, the seeds by immersion disinfection. After sowing, the furrows should be cleaned, and the soil should be scenting in time to prevent flood irrigation and water accumulation in the field. The first removal should be carried out 3-4 days after sowing. 3 leaves and 1 heart were removed for the second time, and the water layer was established for 5-7 days after removal 1 ~ 2 days, and tillering fertilizer was applied. Then do shallow water irrigation, keep thin water tillering.
The operation quality index of drill machine: the consistency coefficient of variation of each line displacement ≤5.2%, the consistency coefficient of variation of total displacement ≤2.6%, the seed crushing rate ≤0.4%, the strip breaking rate ≤1.0%, the seed exposure rate ≤5%.
5, mechanized planting technology needs to pay attention to what a few problems.
Mechanized planting technology needs to pay attention to:
Field tillage technology is required to match it. The height difference between fields planted by machinery shall be no more than 3cm, and that of fields directly directed by machinery shall be no more than 2cm. The depth of the mud foot is about 20 centimeters. In fields larger than 30 cm, it is difficult for the machine to walk, and the mud in the mechanical transplanting fields cannot be muddled. We should choose high yield and high quality rice varieties suitable for mechanized planting. Machine transplanting of mechanically planted rice seedlings and machine throwing of rice seedlings can adopt local dominant varieties. The varieties with shorter growth period should be selected for mechanical direct seeding in multi-ripening area. The temperature of early rice seedling growing season is low in north and south, so it is necessary to increase temperature, accelerate bud and keep heat and erect seedling. Mechanized planting emphasizes the use of chemical weeding techniques, especially direct seeding of paddy fields. It is necessary to master the best period of weeding, and generally carry out secondary weeding and timely weed culling. Mechanical seedling throwing should pay attention to the strong wind, heavy rain can not work, the pot seedling is too wet to dry before throwing, pay attention to adjust the direction of throwing.
Before planting mechanical operation according to the agronomic requirements adjust planting density, take seedling, planting depth, pay attention to safety when working operation, adjustment to downtime, when 2 or more persons with check adjustment, must agree beforehand operating procedures, especially the seedling needle part, in order to avoid fire, alone or thin machine work in the field of ship plate type transplanter to wheel slip, it is strictly prohibited in the nose in front of the tractor, Avoid people's feet involved in the wheel, causing accidents.
6, in the past also engaged in the mechanization of rice planting, now the mechanization technology and the past what is different?
Now the mechanization technology has three main characteristics: one is that agricultural machinery and agronomic technology are closely coordinated, such as mechanical transplanting, agronomic seedling raising standardization is provided to mechanical transplanting of standardized seedlings, mechanical transplanting quality is better; Second, some of the machinery has high-tech content, the reliability of the machinery is good, to ensure that the agricultural time; Third, there are related supporting technologies, such as mechanical direct seeding. In the past, it was difficult to erect seedlings, cut grass and level the field. Now, as long as the supporting technologies are strict, these problems can be solved easily.
7, wheat harvesting mechanization has been widely used by farmers, then how about the mechanization of rice harvesting?
All know that there were some differences between rice and wheat, for example the south was small, mud rotten, in some places in the harvest field and water, rice harvest the grain moisture content is higher, threshing, all of these brought difficulty for the rice harvest, but these problems with the progress of science and technology, mechanical harvest most was technically it should be said that there is no problem.
