First, agricultural machinery is composed of a number of complex structure of mechanical parts, because of its use in the process of the environment is complex, it is very prone to mechanical failure, which requires us to master agricultural machinery maintenance technology, in order to improve the productivity of agricultural machinery and the use of efficiency, and ensure the safety of agricultural machinery production.
Two, agricultural machinery maintenance technology analysis
1. The technical status of agricultural machinery depends on the maintenance level of users at ordinary times
The daily maintenance of agricultural machinery should be carried out in strict accordance with the provisions of the "use and maintenance manual", mainly according to the machinery fuel consumption to determine the maintenance cycle, must follow the principle of "maintenance is more important than maintenance", timely and accurate maintenance according to the technical requirements, to ensure that agricultural machinery is not "sick" operation. In the off-season, agricultural machinery storage before sealing to carry out the necessary maintenance, if fuel consumption has not reached the maintenance cycle, but also to carry out the necessary cleaning work on the machinery before storage and sealing.
2. The maintenance of agricultural machinery should mainly do the following points
One is to be familiar with the maintenance requirements of different machinery, and be diligent in maintenance; Second, daily maintenance should pay attention to check the "four leakage" situation, both oil leakage, water leakage, air leakage, electricity leakage. Three is the maintenance of machinery, to do "five clean", "six closed" and "a sound". "Five clean" means machinery, tools, oil, water, gas should be thousand clean, "six closed" means diesel tank filling port, gasoline tank filling port, oil filling port, oil generator, magneto, etc., should be closed, "one intact" means that the mechanical state is intact. Fourth, the supporting farm tools should be maintained frequently to ensure that the farm tools in the use of flexible operation, flexible rotation, flexible lifting, to ensure that the state of the farm tools in good condition.
Three, agricultural machinery maintenance technology analysis
1. How to judge whether agricultural machinery should be maintained
One way to judge whether agricultural machinery should be maintained is to replace or overhaul agricultural machinery parts that reach a certain service life based on past experience, which is the so-called preventive maintenance system or regular maintenance system. In addition, there is another approach is to determine which parts of agricultural machinery need maintenance by monitoring diagnostic equipment after judging the technical status, this method is called predictive maintenance, predictive maintenance is relatively more scientific and reasonable than regular maintenance. Predictive maintenance is based on the mechanical state when the machine is running, through the monitoring data and the normal use of parts to determine whether maintenance is needed, this method is more flexible and more targeted. Its advantages are: increased the use of machinery time, to grasp the technical status of agricultural machinery, reduce the number of maintenance, improve the utilization rate of agricultural machinery, reduce maintenance costs. Disadvantages are: equipment monitoring and diagnosis needs higher cost, small agricultural machinery should not be used.
2. Efficiency should be considered in agricultural machinery maintenance
The use, maintenance and renewal of agricultural machinery is determined by its economic life. Economic life is that agricultural machinery can still operate "with disease" in the case of a certain failure, although the efficiency decreases, but it can still produce certain economic benefits, then it is necessary to consider the operation cost of agricultural machinery, if the operation cost is close to or higher than the income, we must consider its maintenance. Each maintenance of agricultural machinery, the cost of the next maintenance is likely to be more than the previous time, and the service cycle of agricultural machinery will be shortened accordingly. Agricultural machinery after several times of maintenance, mechanical properties will be greatly reduced, then it is necessary to consider its renewal.
3. Decision-making of agricultural machinery maintenance and renewal
Whether agricultural machinery has maintenance value, we should consider its maintenance cost and use value comprehensively, which should predict its remaining service life according to the actual technical state of agricultural machinery, and determine the best service life. Estimate the cost of the remaining service life of the agricultural machinery, and then calculate and evaluate the return rate of the maintenance degree and renewal of the agricultural machinery respectively. Through the evaluation and comparison, determine the maintenance degree of the agricultural machinery. If the maintenance value is low, it is necessary to give up maintenance and make the decision to update the agricultural machinery.
4. Quality accidents caused by inadequate agricultural machinery maintenance services should be prevented
Common agricultural machinery maintenance accidents have the following five kinds: one is in the agricultural machinery maintenance or maintenance before not cutting off the power caused by the accident. For example, if the belt condition is checked while the engine is running, it is easy to injure the hand. Second, the low level of maintenance technology leads to accidents. Some maintenance workers in the repair of agricultural machinery is not clear about the mechanical structure, blindly disassembling and unloading, without special tools, hitting and knocking, causing maintenance personnel knock against injury, which also causes different degrees of deformation damage to mechanical parts. The use of farm machinery after maintenance has caused safety problems, leading to more serious accidents. Third, maintenance is not in place to cause accidents. Some farm machinery door does not notice machine and implement to maintain maintain, cannot search fault reason in time, when maintaining small make trouble, want mechanical ability 1000 live to go only, bring about agricultural machinery accident frequently. Four is the maintenance personnel driving experience caused by the accident. Agricultural machinery after overhaul should be tested and run, and repairmen often have to carry out test runs, but due to the lack of driving experience, it may cause major accidents of machine destruction and death. Fifth, agricultural machinery maintenance network maintenance equipment is not complete, resulting in maintenance of agricultural machinery can not meet the technical requirements of maintenance, accidents and accidents.
Four, conclusion
The service life and use efficiency of agricultural machinery are related to its usual maintenance and repair degree. Only by paying attention to daily maintenance can faults be found and repaired in time, so as to ensure that agricultural machinery is always put into agricultural production in a good technical state.
